Lisa Hilton, Author at Lisa Hilton Music

lisa hilton holds white roses alongside a quote

A New Year… 💫🎉

December 30, 2020 by Lisa Hilton

More Than Another Day Q&A PART II with Lisa K. Hilton

Q: Happy New Year!

Lisa Hilton: Thank you – and to you too!

Q: Your new album More Than Another Day, is quite upbeat, which is really nice to hear right now, but I’m curious how you composed this music during the first few months of the 2020 lock down?

LH: Our tour had to quit in March of course, and that was troubling – actually everything in March was troubling – remember? My intuition told me that I needed to stay home, so I just started composing and the creativity flowed. Originally though, yeah, there were honestly, some dark tunes from those dark times. But I knew the album would be out in December and we’d be all healthy and enjoying life by then, right? So I tried to focus on the everyday beauty in life: despite any pandemic in our world the sun rises and the sun sets with majestic beauty. I tried to focus on what is good, right, and freely available everywhere. Of course I was completely wrong about that timeline: the pandemic was much worse in December than it was in March! But that upbeat vibe we recorded is translating to people everywhere. We are collectively all adapting and it’s nice to have music to keep our spirits up, so I’m happy with the results even if my assumptions about the pandemic were completely wrong!

Q: Now that 2020 is now behind us, how are you feeling looking back on the music, recording during a pandemic and the year in general?

LH: I’m glad to see 2020 in the rear view mirror like everyone else. More Than Another Day, was probably the easiest album I’ve ever done, yet the most difficult too. The year was extremely challenging yet the outpouring of positive response the last month on the new music has been a wonderful gift to us coming as the year has ended. There’s just a big mix of emotions on this one.

Q: It has been an unusual time, but what do you mean by the “easiest, yet the most difficult?”

LH: Trying to arrange a recording session is always difficult with everyone’s conflicting schedules and busy studios too. It takes about two months to finalize a date. When I started setting up the sessions, the east coast was being hit hard by Covid, so we made the decision to record in West Los Angeles, but by the time the August date arrived, California was in bad shape! I booked a studio, and then lost a studio – that kind of thing. Everyone was really thankful, and proud too, to be working again, but we were nervous to be in a work environment after five months at home. When we record an album the hang is one aspect we all enjoy, but we had to eat our meal at separate tables and it felt awkward and isolating. We all had to create workarounds too – like creating a video from existing photos rather than have a photographer in the studio. Ryan Nava has been photographing us for a couple years, and did a great job on the slideshow style video for the track More Than Another Day, and it was a much safer solution. Despite the difficulties, we all felt lucky to be there and emotionally we really needed to play. I think you can hear that good energy in the recording – there was a propulsive drive that we had in the studio, and that was captured.

Q: Are you planning to tour in 2021, or are you planning to live stream any shows?

LH: I am not planning to tour in 2021: I don’t think venues will be able to be at full capacity and although our band will be safe on stage, I don’t want to put anyone going to our shows, or working at our shows at risk. I have been asked a lot about live streaming and I’m not leaning in that direction yet. There are some artists that have really done cool things with this concept, and venues too that are stepping up here. But I always want to think about the “big picture” – a performance involves maybe 10-15 people working on that event. If I were to live stream, I don’t feel I’m being supportive of the venues, the ushers, the box office personnel, the lighting and sound engineers, the maintenance staff – everyone that works every day for musicians. It doesn’t seem fair to me that I can perform, but the support team is on furlough. I want to be supportive of the people who support artists, so it doesn’t feel right to live stream for now.

Q: I hadn’t thought of it that way, but I understand what you’re saying. Ok, so what are your hopes and plans in 2021 then?

LH: I hope in 2021 our music continues to lift spirits around the world day after day after day. It’s cool to hear about how the album touches lives around the world – we love hearing these encouraging words! This is also an amazing time for creativity, and I’m excited what will emerge next musically. We have a new year, a new president, new health vaccines, a new decade, new music, (and I’ve got a birthday this week too), so we can all feel optimistic. Happy 2021 to us all!

collage of sunrises and sunsets, playing at carnegie hall, and getting ready for a new decade

Top Row: sunrise in Big Sur, Jan 5th, sunset in Malibu
Middle Row: Luques Curtis, myself and Rudy Royston will miss playing Carnegie Hall this year
Bottom Row: getting ready for a new decade!

pianist lisa hilton sitting at her piano in a white lace blouse

Wishing You… 🎄❄

December 20, 2020 by Lisa Hilton

Holidays, Julliard, Sheet Music

Anyone feeling merry or bright yet?

It has been truly an epic year as we know. Now the end of 2020 has arrived, and we have hope for 2021. So we might not feel exactly merry or bright, but we do know that this year will soon be behind us and knowing that is a mood booster!

I’m not giving up on cheer though, and I’m aiming for merry. I’ll spend time viewing old photos from holidays past, Zoom meeting, wear an awkward holiday T, see friends on the patio, and of course, play the piano. I’ll bring out the piano books from my childhood and a couple new ones too. (I always plan to practice them a bit ahead of time, but I never seem to get around to it, so I assure you there won’t be a live stream!) Holiday tunes, like most music, lift our mood, and also touches the nostalgia in our hearts in a year of dramatic change. Sounds good, doesn’t it?

If you need any music books, I normally buy mine at The Juilliard Store, (your big retailers have them too), or individual sheet at sites like MusicNotes.com. Music itself is a great gift to yourself or others so I’ve included easy shop links below.

As December and 2020 come to an end, I wish you, and I wish everyone, a special time – a time of peace, a time for beauty in nature and a time for health as well as hope.

Happy Holidays,
Lisa

Apple Music: More Than Another Day

Amazon #1 New Release: More Than Another Day

The Juilliard Store

Music Notes

collage of lisa hilton's favorite holiday things

Top Row: With my Italian greyhound Ricky 2016, I love my poinsettias, my favorite holiday tune Middle Row: Healthy intentions, Christmas 2018, holiday fun in my ‘hood Bottom Row: My holiday FaceTime style, homemade latte, Holiday 2019

Thankfully… A Holiday Discount! 🥧

November 27, 2020 by Lisa Hilton

Gifts, Holidays, More Than Another Day

It is the week to be T H A N K F U L and like so many, I’m very thankful for my health this year and of course my friends, my family and as a musician, I am thankful for my followers as well. So at this time of year, there is a special discount for 2 weeks: all CD’s, (and my 1 vinyl album) are discounted to $5 (+shipping) at LisaHiltonMusic.com.

These are perfect gifts to share with co-workers, neighbors, and teachers as well as friends & family. The music is perfect for road trips or car pools, music while you are working or creating, and pretty fun to listen to whether you are want to relax or tidy! I hear every year our music goes well with holiday tunes and is great for dinners too. And don’t forget to order for yourself – our new trio CD, More Than Another Day is included in the discount too.

Pictured below are just some of our 23 CD’s that are my favorite and they range from solo piano (Nuance and Day & Night are 2 examples), trio (Oasis), quartet (Chalkboard Destiny) or quintet (Nocturnal and Twilight & Blues), but there’s more too!

‘Tis the season to be m e r r y, right? Our holiday DISCOUNT CODE: MERRY50 will be active from November 27^th through Dec 4^th which is our Official Release Day for More Than Another Day.

Enjoy!

Lisa

Cultivating Creativity

November 13, 2020 by Lisa Hilton

Composing Season, Creativity, Quarantine

Because I’m not touring in 2021, (yes, Carnegie Hall cancelled our January show), I decided to start composing again. You might be thinking that I have an album coming out in 3 weeks so why would I be composing for the next one??

When I began working in music, the idea that I would compose without a reason seemed unusual. Now though, creativity is not an unknown mystical concept: now I understand I don’t need a reason to create: it is something I cultivate and nurture, as well as enjoy, and it’s an everyday part of my life. Here are things that enhance output – what I call…Creativity Fuel:

Clean up your life: Take a look at your life and ask yourself what you want to be doing and how you actually spend your time. In a magical kind of way, I find that if I put my creative pursuits first, I seem to be able to get a lot done afterwards effortlessly.
Beautify your workspace: I really don’t know why this one works, but it does. I know I can create anywhere, and I certainly know of musicians that write on tour buses or airplanes, but somehow if you create a place you enjoy being in, your projects flourish.
Be open: There are no boundaries or parameters to creativity, and it is absolutely available to everyone, but be sure you act on this concept: that you don’t impose restrictions or standards that inhibit what yearns to come out. Being open means that you won’t always hit your mark, but you also won’t miss something that might hit it.
Clarify your reason/s: Do you want to be creative to: have fun, fight boredom, to feel good, for your career, for holiday gifts, for your kids… A strong “why” really helps push you in the right direction, and will propel you on your “doubter days.”
Commit: One of my personal sayings is “Commitment is King” – nothing else has a higher level of productivity than simply committing to doing something whether it’s for 15 minutes or 5 hours a day. Commitment is an all-encompassing state – you cannot kind of commit or sort of commit – you either are committed or you are not.
Use what you have: I’d prefer a healthier world like everyone, but I also know that creativity has no bounds. Any event can be fuel for ideas. Use whatever situation you have to your advantage – difficult times included.
Stay put: This is a saying I picked up from a surfer: you can travel the world in search of the perfect wave, or you can stay right where you are and insure you get fun surf in your own backyard. There is real power in staying where you are- especially this year.
Nurture your body: Did you know the great pianist Yuja Wang can do handstands? Whatever it is you want to create, your physical body will do a better job if you’re in better shape, right? (I know you know this one!)
Hang with your heroes: We can’t always meet our heroes, but we can always read, follow, or watch our heroes. Even better though: play great compositions – not just listen to them, look for live interviews or podcast where you can hear an artist’s actual words – not the words of a critic or journalist. You can paint others paintings or read others plays or poetry out loud. The idea is to learn directly from the artist. Books, articles, teachings that are commentary are not as illuminating as what comes from the artist themselves.
Notate it! The eternal human fantasy is that we will not forget that great idea, but just in case, be sure to find a way to notate that idea: Post Its, Voice Notes, recording, music notation, or doodling. Unless you’re Paul McCartney waking up with “Yesterday” direct from your dream, you need a way to remind yourself later on in your busy day.
Enjoy what you enjoy. This might be the simplest idea, but if you don’t enjoy what you’re doing it’s hard to stick with it. Can you hack a better approach to make it more fun? My friend is a fantastic painter but is very hard on herself while she paints, so she will listen to Audibles or watch a rom-com on her computer while she paints, arousing her pleasure senses and gently drowning out critical doubts of her painting skills in the process. Find a way to enjoy the parts you enjoy and in the process you will be nurturing and cultivating your creativity – with a smile on your face too!

– Lisa

More Than Another Day: Q&A 💐

October 29, 2020 by Lisa Hilton

Composing Season, More Than Another Day, Tour

Q&A with Lisa Hilton on her new release, More Than Another Day – OUT DECEMBER 4TH

Lisa Hilton/piano, Luques Curtis/bass, Rudy Royston/drums

Q: I’m sure it was disappointing to cancel shows from your tour last spring. What was it like for you to instead be composing during a pandemic?

Lisa Hilton: Well, I was curious about that too – I’ve never/we’ve never, been through an experience like this, so I really wasn’t sure what I would, or could create during a world crises. But in 2019 I had read the extensive biography on pianist/composer, Fryderyk Chopin by Alan Walker. Chopin continued to compose during the gruesome 1932 cholera outbreak in Paris, France, so knowing that inspired me to continue composing. I think this year has made me realize that creativity is how I process life experiences, so volatile times can be productive – I know that sounds weird – but turmoil can stimulate creativity for artists. When you read the biographies of jazz musicians, it does seem that difficult experiences might have fostered creativity in others – names like Monk, Cannonball and Jaco come to mind.

Q: Interesting idea. So the lock down didn’t affect your productivity other than touring?

A: I think being at the piano was a great way for the music to pour out actually. Growing up, my family lived a relatively quiet and academic oriented life, so as a kid I used to fill long hours in a myriad of creative ways. I think that quiet can be a plus for creativity for many artists.

Q: Did you have a theme or concept you were composing towards based on what was happening in the U. S. and around the world?

A: I understand that many musicians prefer to work from a concept or assignment approach, but for me, music surfaces from my subconscious, not from my conscious mind, as a response to what is happening collectively. I let the music emerge: I don’t know what I will create and I don’t try and force a direction or try and control it. Later, I can tell what the concept is though.

Q: Which is…

A: I think we should acknowledge this unique time, but also boldly walk towards our future, taking along our past experiences and history, but let’s also look for what is coming around the corner – what’s next after this day, this year? And whatever happens, don’t forget to notice the beauty or goodness in life and not just remember the harshness of this time.

Q: Was that the idea you were showing on the cover with the vintage luggage and the roses – bringing the past with you along with the “beautiful” roses?

A: Yes!

Q: Tell us more about composing from your subconscious mind please.

A: When I sit at the piano the music starts to take form – almost as if it’s inside of me just waiting for the opportunity to be heard. When I compose I do not know what key or time signature I am in, or even what note I am playing. I just allow the tune to evolve and then quickly try and translate it into music notation on the computer after I have a direction I like. I don’t ever compose to say someone else’s book or poetry or a historical incident, or give myself assignments to write in certain keys, for example. I just allow the music to emerge unobstructed, and then later on, of course I will analyze and work with it. Initially though, I’m more of a passenger or observer letting the music unfold where it may. Sometimes it’s a melody, or maybe a cool riff, other times it’s a well-formed tune.

Q: Does that happen quickly? How long does it take to finish a song?

A: Initially it is pretty quick, but finishing can take months! I’m always looking for so many things: balance, expression, communication and good compositional form. But I also want music that’s fun to play, and that my bandmates and I can enjoy improvising on. The bedrock of a jazz musician is exploration – we constantly want to explore what can be done with music harmonically, rhythmically, and with improvisation, while connecting with our shared world.

Q: Do you have a favorite tune on this album?

A: That’s a hard question! The band liked Blues & Beauty a lot – I love Retro Road Trip best.

Playing Vegetables 🥦🥕

October 20, 2020 by Lisa Hilton

Back To Basics, Piano Fundamentals, Technique

Right now I have more time on my hands: I don’t have a studio date, or a big tour upcoming due to venues still being closed, and our new album, More Than Another Day is now done and up on Amazon and my website too. (Read more about the album here). There’s a lull here before the holidays, and the deadlines are mostly at my back. This is the time of year I take my cue from Kobe Bryant, (RIP), who made a remark that stuck with me – he said: “I always return to The Fundamentals every year” when his off season began.

So when the excitement of the recording session and new music calms down, and the creative projects: photos, packaging and video are under control, I go back to the piano and work on my core skills again. I normally start with sight reading classical music – the entire collection of Fryderyck Chopin and now Bach’s The Goldberg Variations. I normally add Coltrane and Bird, some Jelly Roll and Joplin and always some Bill Evans. After spending a few weeks with these brilliant minds, it makes me curious how genius is created: not only were they great composers but ridiculously amazing performers creating an abundance of work often during a short lifetime. Of course, as I plod along through the more difficult sections of their music it highlights their advanced abilities which is always a very humbling experience, but it still feels good to challenge my mind and add to my technique.

Playing classical music is a skill builder and adds to my knowledge base, while jazz always has interesting chords to explore as well as improvisation ideas. I also try and save time for my ‘vegetables’ as my friend calls them: scales, arpeggios, chord extensions, and modes that are not as fun for me as say Monk or Miles. Composing for me is my ‘dessert’ the part I love. Scales? Arpeggios? Who needs them if you’re improvising, right? Let me tell you – those fluid Coltrane lines were well rehearsed: Coltrane reportedly even practiced in the restrooms of clubs on gig night in order to have a broader range to improvise from. Sonny Rollins, the “Saxophone Colossus,” spent two years of daily rain or shine practice sessions under the Williamsburg Bridge. You have to build skills to develop stamina and create the freedom to improvise well in the moment. Back to Basics, The Fundamentals, Skill Building, or playing Vegetables – that’s what I’m doing now. Increasing skills always feels good as well as being good for you, and this year it feeds my spirit too. And hey, I like vegetables too!

Enjoy the fall season wherever you are!

– Lisa

Grammy Season Begins…

October 4, 2020 by Lisa Hilton

Chalkboard Destiny, Grammys, J.D. Allen, Studio

I’m sending you a sunny California hello today. The smoke in SoCal has receded – thankfully – and we have B L U E skies again. Although it’s hot, there is a touch of fall with the shorter days now.

Fall is the time when everyone in the music biz gets excited about the Grammy Awards. The preliminary voting for nominees started Sept 30, so it’s exciting to find out who is on this early ballot. What most people don’t realize is that getting nominated is actually harder than winning! In most categories a musician or engineer has about 2% to 10% chance of being nominated.

If you get nominated – this year they will be announced November 20 – then your odds get better and you have a 20% chance to win. So you can see how it’s exciting, but always a long shot for everyone and certainly an achievement for those that win.

This year our album is on the preliminary ballot in these categories:

Chalkboard Destiny: Best Jazz Instrumental Album

Chalkboard Destiny: Best Engineered Album/non classical – Engineers: Fernando Lodeiro/tracking,

Al Schmitt & Chandler Harrod/mix, Gavin Lurssen & Reuben Cohen/mastering

Best composition: Rush Hour Rhapsody (Lisa Hilton)

Best Jazz Solo: JD Allen – Sympathy for Blues

Of course, even with long odds it’s fun to fantasize about, right? My favorite part of the recording session was the truly volcanic jazz solo from JD Allen on Sympathy for Blues about 3 minutes in on that tune. I really love it and can listen to it over and over. JD is one of the top improvisors of our time – a great tenor sax player originally from Detroit, and we have worked/toured together about 10 years now, (he calls me “sis”). I really hope he gets this award because he deserves it!

Our engineers are all my favorites so I hope that they will be considered too – I have been working with most of them over 15 years. Very coincidentally the concept of our 2020 album, Chalkboard Destiny was that our lives can be changed in an instant; little did I realize how accurate that would become this year with our lives being radically altered by a corona virus just about a month after our release date! So it would be exceptionally cool to win an award under these circumstances I think. (One reviewer even said it was perfect music for “quarantine”).

These days when my work is up for an award or competition I think of it as important to women and girls everywhere. Votes for women as composers, producers, bandleaders are really votes for your daughter, your granddaughter, your niece or neighbor. Women in jazz continue to have many challenges, but we are determined to make it easier for the next generation.

Please wish us a bit of L U C K and wishing you sunny B L U E skies too!

– Lisa

Inside Capitol Studios

September 24, 2020 by Lisa Hilton

Al Schmitt, Capitol Studios, Chandler Harrod, Producer, Recording

The first time I went to Capitol Studios I was so excited to work such an iconic building, and it’s still exciting twelve years later: it is absolutely impressive and fabulously cool. The architecture itself is an integral part of the Hollywood myth and seeing it’s record shaped design always lifts my spirit when I spot it from the freeway, (something I need after morning traffic!) The mid-century landmark was finished in 1956 and Wikipedia states: “The building’s design is based on the graduate school drawings of Lou Naidorf who, as the primary architect, designed the first circular office building when he was 24 years old.” Inside classic black and white photos line the halls showing Frank, Nat, Tony and others.

The building is immaculate, so walking into the studios it’s easy to imagine the many top recording artists working there throughout it’s long history. Every year is a different experience for me – one year trumpeter Chris Botti and singer/actor Eric Benet both popped in the studio at the same time. Another year a male voice commented “Who is that playing the piano?” I turned around and recognized the singer John Mayer, (he’s very tall). One year there was opera in Studio A and the Rockettes blasting Christmas carols out of Studio B, the hallways awash with wacky song mashups! This year, of course it’s different, because Capitol is still officially closed – the friendly hellos, waves and hugs are missed, but we were thankful to be back at work in the studio again.

I use three studios for my albums: one to record the music, (this year at The Village Studios), and I then use Capitol to mix the music. (To finish the album I use Lurssen Mastering). The mix engineers, Al Schmitt and Chandler Harrod, combine, or mix, the already recorded sound into the most pleasing audio. For example, as the producer I told them that I was concerned about the cymbals overpowering on some tracks, so Chandler toned them down. In other spots, Al adjusted the bass so we can hear Luques Curtis’s cool solo better, or the very last detail on Rudy Royston’s delicate drum end. This is done by adjusting the controls on the console, and of course decades of audio experience.

Mixing with Al is actually the easiest job I have as a producer – when someone has 23 Grammys I know I’m in the best of hands, right? For the last and final step, the mastering engineers will balance the overall audio of the entire album so that one track is not louder than another for example and puts the correct spacing between tracks.

Soon the new music will be ready to send out to with the world. I’m always very happy that the work is mostly done, and I can hardly wait for to share with everyone!

Enjoy your day,

Lisa

Almost the End of Summer…

September 7, 2020 by Lisa Hilton

Music Production, Producer, summer

Just a matter of days before this Endless Summer ends. How did that happen? How could we somehow, make it through this unusual summer, still find a way to enjoy ourselves, and it’s ending already? No doubt we will have new challenges moving forward, but I think we will all continue to figure things out as we go along – just like we’ve been doing now for six months.

I like to fill every summer with nature and music – two of my favorite things. Besides beach trips and bike rides, we recorded new music, so I’ve been wearing my producer’s hat a lot. The producers role is to set up the recording session: scheduling, budgeting, taking care of the players for example, but afterwards I work on track selection and oversee editing, mixing and then mastering of the music on its way to the final album.

We record three takes of each track or song, and there are ten songs on the album, (which is about one hour long). If you listen to each take a couple times, you can see how those hours add up, and you really can’t listen too much at one time. I do love what I call “First Listen” – hearing the full grown composition in its near final form. That’s a time to be astonished at my bandmates Luques Curtis and Rudy Royston, and revel in the cool things we recorded, but it’s also, honestly, a time to cringe at silly mistakes too.

I’m always listening for the BEST take – but what is that? What intro is the most compelling? What solo is the most creative? Track selection is like trying to decide which cloud you prefer in the sky – music is ephemeral – ever changing – so it’s tricky deciding what will connect the most with listeners. Those decisions are now done, and so I have time to listen for pleasure for the first time. I will divulge here that our new music is uplifting and puts me in a good mood – something I think we all appreciate this year, right? I really wasn’t sure what I’d get composing during March – July, so I’m very thankful it’s upbeat!

I’ll take a mini road trip to wind up the summer, but I’ll have new tunes along the way – just like every summer, and I’m going to do whatever I can to enjoy nature as much as possible.

Take care and enjoy the end of summer,
Lisa

lisa hilton playing piano at the village studios

IN THE STUDIO

August 19, 2020 by Lisa Hilton

Luques Curtis, Recording, Rudy Royston, Social Distancing, Studio

Yep, we did it! We recorded a new jazz album, and it was the culmination of six creative months composing during an unprecedented time in America’s history. Whew!

This year recording new music, like everything else, was different of course. Every studio date seems like a miracle to have the band/engineers/studio/piano all available on the same day. The logistics – more like a complex dance – to find a studio that was open and had good safety procedures in place, were more involved than in the past, but thankfully everything finally came together. I decided on recording at The Village Studios in West Los Angeles this year because they are a top studio, (with an illustrious history), and also have approval from the City of Los Angeles to remain open despite any lock down in California. In addition, they were very kind to me during my evacuation from the Woolsey fire almost two years ago, and I like to work with kind people.

Despite all the preliminary work, scheduling, and pandemic precautions, once we enter the studio, everything changes for musicians. We are able to focus 100% on our art, our instruments, the moment, and sound itself. You do hear stories about musicians having difficult times in recording sessions, and there is stress to get things “right”, but I love the act of creating music in the moment with the highest quality sound. Awesome bandmates Rudy Royston and Luques Curtis, top engineer Chandler Harrod, (with Karl Wingate assisting), perfect studio acoustics, and of course, the big nine foot Steinway D that was loaned to me for recording. (This year I was told the piano was a favorite of film composer John Williams – well, it was fabulous!)

So, how did we do? Hmmm… I have a rule that I don’t “judge” until I’m all done. In the studio your senses and emotions are heightened: I think the worst thing you can do is judge under those kinds of conditions, because the tendency is to think it’s the best thing, or the worst thing you’ve ever heard! So in the studio we play at the top of our abilities with freedom from over-analyzing. Those are the euphoric moments for me – when the music comes alive after months of thought, trials, and efforts magically blossoming in real time into a creation we will share with the world. To say that it is an incredibly cool experience is a huge understatement – those are the moments the composer lives for – it feels like the birth of music itself.

Enjoy these last couple weeks of summer,
Lisa

Older News »

lisahiltonmusicpublishinggmail-com

A New Year… 💫🎉

Wishing You… 🎄❄

Thankfully… A Holiday Discount! 🥧

Cultivating Creativity

More Than Another Day: Q&A 💐

Playing Vegetables 🥦🥕

Grammy Season Begins…

Inside Capitol Studios

Almost the End of Summer…

IN THE STUDIO